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Xian Xinghai at about 23 years old in Shanghai in 1920s. | |
Born | 13 June 1905 |
---|---|
Died | 30 October 1945 (aged 40) Moscow, Russia |
Other names | Sinn Sing Hoi, Huang Xun |
Occupation | Composer |
Years active | 1929–1945 |
Xian Xinghai or Sinn Sing Hoi[1] (Chinese: 冼星海; pinyin: Xiǎn Xīnghǎi; Wade–Giles: Hsien Hsing-hai; 13 June 1905 – 30 October 1945) was one of the earliest generation of Chinese composers influenced by western classical music and has influenced generations of Chinese musicians.[2] Xian composed in all the major musical forms (two symphonies, a violin concerto, four large scale choral works, nearly 300 songs and an opera), and is best known for the Yellow River Cantata upon which the Yellow River Concerto for piano and orchestra is based.[3]
Early life and education[edit]
Xian was born in Portuguese Macau in 1905, to Tanka[4][5] parents whose ancestors were from Panyu, Guangdong.[6][7][8] He moved frequently in his early life with his mother as his father had died before Xian was born.[6] Xian moved with his mother to Singapore when he was six years old, he was enrolled in Yangzheng Primary School [1] for his primary education. It was while at Yangzheng Primary School that he took his first step into his musical career. His teacher, Ou Jianfu, first noticed Xian Xinghai's musical talent, and he was enrolled into the school's military band. Xian received training in both musical instruments as well as musical theory.[clarification needed] He was later brought to Guangzhou for further education by his then school principal, Lin Yaoxiang, along with 19 other students. Xian started learning the clarinet in 1918 at the YMCA charity school attached to the Lingnan University in Guangzhou (Canton).
In 1924 he studied in Saint Andrew's School of Singapore.[1] In 1926 he joined the National Music Institute at Peking University to study music and in 1928 he entered National Shanghai Conservatory of Music to study violin and piano. The same year he published his well-known essay The Universal Music. In 1929 he went to Paris (where he met Ma Sicong who introduced him to many artists there) and was disliked by his teacher first because he didn't know how to play piano but one night he got home and was mad and composed a song which the teacher heard. The teacher came inside and was fascinated with his work and asked him to bring his piece of work to the university where the composers competed their work and he won and he was accepted to that music school. In 1934 he was the first Chinese student admitted to the Paris Conservatory to study senior composition[6] with Paul Dukas.[7] And before this, he had studied with Vincent D'Indy. During this period he composed Wind, Song of a Wanderer, Violin Sonata in D Minor, and other works.
Career[edit]
Xian returned to China in 1935 to the Japanese occupation of the northeastern part of the country (known then as Manchuria).[7] Using his music as a weapon to protest the occupation, he took part in patriotic activities.[7] During the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), he wrote vocal works that encouraged the people to fight the Japanese invaders, including Saving the Nation, Non-Resistance the Only Fear, Song of Guerrillas, The Roads Are Opened by Us, The Vast Siberia, Children of the Motherland, Go to the Homefront of the Enemy, and On the Taihang Mountains, among others. He worked for film studios before going to the Communist headquarters in Yan'an, where he became dean of the Music Department at Lu Xun Institute of Arts in 1938. It is at this time that he composed the famous Yellow River Cantata and the Production Cantata.
Tomb of Xian Xinghai
In 1940, Xian used the assumed name Huang Xun.[9]In 1940 Xian went to the Soviet Union to compose the score of the documentary film Yan'an and the Eighth Route Army.[6] Before departure Mao Zedong invited him to dinner. In 1941 the German invasion of the Soviet Union disrupted his work and he attempted to return to China by way of Xinjiang but the local anti-communist warlord, Sheng Shicai, blocked the way and he got stranded in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. It was here that he composed the symphonies Liberation of the Nation and Sacred War, and the suites Red All Over the River and Chinese Rhapsody for winds and strings.
During Xian's career, he has composed over 300 works and published 35 papers, including Nie Er-the Creator of New Chinese Music.[3]
Works[edit]
- 1939 Yellow River Cantata[3][10]
Personal life[edit]
Xian developed pulmonary tuberculosis due to overwork and malnutrition. After the war, Xian return to Moscow for medical treatment but died of pulmonary disease on October 30, 1945[6] at the age of 40.
Legacy[edit]
Xian's influence in Chinese music won him the title People's Composer.
During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), when all the Western and some Chinese art was forbidden, the pianist Yin Chengzong arranged the Yellow River Cantata into a concerto for piano and orchestra, by the name of Yellow River Piano Concerto (1969).
After China opened its doors to the world in late 1970s, Yin planned the performance of the piano concerto. There was a debate whether some politically incorrect anthems like 'The East Is Red', which Yin interpolated into the concerto, should be removed. It was decided that the work itself was a cultural legacy of the time when it was created, the melodies reminding listeners of that period and creating a unique sense of history. Hence, the work remained intact as it was originally arranged.
Beginning in the 1970s, the Yellow River Concerto has been heard in the West, often performed by Yin Chengzong himself, and in 1988 the Italian pianist Riccardo Caramella became the first Western pianist who performed it in China with a Chinese orchestra, the Beijing Radio Symphony Orchestra.
In 2009, the epic film The Star and The Sea was created by directors Qiankuan Li and Guiyun Xiao. The film is about the hard childhood and suffering of Xian in that period of his life and the efforts of his mother to help him developing his musical talents. In 2011, the film won the Huabiao Film AAwardfor Outstanding Children's Film.[11][12]
Memorials[edit]
Xinghai Concert Hall
Statue of Xian Xinghai
- Both the Xinghai Conservatory of Music and the Xinghai Concert Hall in Guangzhou are named after Xian.
- A statue of Xian has been erected in People's Park of central Guangzhou.[13]
- A 3-meter-high statue of Xian was erected at the intersection of Avenida Xian Xing Hai and Rua de Berlim streets in Macau to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his birth.[8]
- A street in Almaty, Kazakhstan is named after Xian Xinghai.[6]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ ab何乃强 (2013-09-01). 冼星海在新加坡十年 1911-1921:历史补遗 谬误纠正 (in Chinese). Lingzi Media.
- ^Smith, Nicholas (20 September 2003). 'Conductor's Notes: Xian Xinghai Yellow River Cantana'. Beijing International Festival Chorus program 20 September 2003. Beijing International Festival Chorus. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
- ^ abc'Xian Xinghai'. baroqueorchestra.org. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
- ^武芳莉. '冼星海:坎坷而壮丽的音乐人生--青春励志--中国青年网'. qclz.youth.cn. Retrieved 2018-03-26.
- ^'毕星星:音乐大师冼星海的疍民身份_评论频道_凤凰网'. news.ifeng.com. Retrieved 2018-03-26.
- ^ abcdef'Xian Xinghai: Short-Lived but Not Forgotten'. ChinaCulture.org. Ministry of Culture, P.R. China. 2003. Archived from the original on 21 September 2009. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
- ^ abcdAppiah (ed), Kwame Anthony; Henry Louis Gates, Jr. (1997). The Dictionary of Global Culture. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 703. ISBN0-394-58581-X.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- ^ ab'Bronze statue of Xian Xinghai'. AsiaRooms.com. AsiaRooms.com. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
- ^'Xian Xinghai'. icm.gov.mo. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
- ^'Lang Lang: Dragon Songs'. allmusic.com. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
- ^'The Star and the Sea'. chinesemov.com. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
- ^'The Star and the Sea (2009)'. IMDb. Retrieved March 17, 2019.
- ^人民公园:广州第一公园 [People's Park: the first park in Guangzhou] (in Chinese). Guangzhou Daily. 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2014-04-24.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sinn Sing Hoi. |
- Free scores by Xian Xinghai at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
- Amazon.com - Riccardo Caramella performs the Yellow River Concerto and other works.
- [2] at www.russiandvd.com - Riccardo Caramella performs the Yellow River Piano Concerto
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xian_Xinghai&oldid=928493894'
Instrumentation Debate
Yeah, it's finally settled (sort of). I'm going to completely go against what I told you to do in the previous post about instrumentation, so sorry for confusing you :). It's no longer necessary to include '1 violin, 1 viola, etc', because it gets cluttered. It may be a good idea just to read this for all information regarding the 'general information' place. With kind regards, BKhon 02:49, 20 September 2010 (UTC)
Adding Durand plates
Hi Schissel, in the future when you add anything from Sibley or from any other place for that matter, could you also add the plate numbers to the Durand page when it is published by them? As you can see, we have a fairly large list of plates which comes in very handy, and additional ones only increases our ability to accurately date publications published sans date. Thanks! Daphnis 15:05, 20 September 2010 (UTC)
- Also, forgot to mention that if you could keep to the system I've established of dating pieces it would be helpful. For example, dates that appear 'plain' are those printed on the actual score in question, those in parenthesis are not printed but are confirmed through some other definitive method (thematic catalogue, Grove, dépôt légal, etc.), and those in parenthesis with a question mark are dated solely on their surrounding plate ranges. Thanks again. Daphnis 16:51, 20 September 2010 (UTC)
Oh! Ok. I'm not always so sure that every method I use counts as definitive, either, which is (one reason) why all the question marks... Thanks! Eric 16:54, 20 September 2010 (UTC)
Work Titles
Hi Eric. When creating page titles for works that aren't in English, could you bear in mind the language capitalization rules in IMSLP:Score submission guide/Manual of Style. So, for example, 'L'Automne-Valse' should be 'L'automne-valse'. Thanks — P.davydov 07:39, 23 September 2010 (UTC)
All Parts Vs. Complete Parts
I notice sometimes you label file descriptions as 'Complete Parts', and sometimes as 'All Parts'. 'Complete Parts' tends to be the standard practice on IMSLP. Thanks, BKhon 22:52, 23 September 2010 (UTC)
Lachner: Ave Maria 1-x
Hello, Schissel,
according to worldcat Lachner composed several (or two) Ave Marias for that instrumentation. Cheers ---Ralph Theo Misch 00:29, 27 September 2010 (UTC)
- Hi Eric, I'll order that book and tell you, when it arrive. --Ralph Theo Misch 22:13, 27 September 2010 (UTC)
Instrumentation again
Sorry to keep nagging you :). Your files are practically perfect at this point, except that it's not necessary to capitalize any instrument. This includes first letters. Kind regards, BKhon 21:58, 30 September 2010 (UTC)
pseudo-quasi-copyright
Hi Eric, Than you for your kind message on my page and your solicitude. I don't work with those instruments. No matter I'll go on my own. I'm preparing a great laundering. Thanks again ! Squin 16:29, 1 October 2010 (UTC)Oh, I've no problem with speed.. The problem is with scores I've upload page by page and convert into pdf where every page is noted gallica.. I'm removing uploads my dear friend Rameau first....What a pity ! Squin 16:39, 1 October 2010 (UTC)
Arrangers
Hi Eric. Just to keep you informed about this — P.davydov 19:43, 1 October 2010 (UTC)
Lachner/ Wulf
Hi Eric, today, the book arrived. And tout de suite I looked for Op.132/162:
There are 3 versions of that work which only differ in the adaptation to the respective performing conditions. The substantial defferences are marginal.
First version (autograph): SSST (S3 divisi) and Organ. Comp. Tegernsee, July 1867
Second version (Op.132): Soprano solo, SAAT, 2 Vl, Vla, Cello, Double Bass (or Org. or Melodium) (between 1867 and 1870). Herrn Dr. van Elewyck gewidmet. Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne, [1870], Plate 19995.
Third version (Op.162): Soprano solo, SATB, 2 Vl, Vla, Cello, Double Bass (or Org. or Harm.) (ca. 1872). Fräulein Marie Mahlknecht gewidmet. Leipzig: Robert Forberg, (ca. 1873), Plate 1400.
After all we have the 3rd version - perhaps the 2nd will be found one time. Feel free to ask me for all things you want to know about Lachner's sacred music :-)) Cheers --Ralph Theo Misch 21:23, 1 October 2010 (UTC)
There are 3 versions of that work which only differ in the adaptation to the respective performing conditions. The substantial defferences are marginal.
First version (autograph): SSST (S3 divisi) and Organ. Comp. Tegernsee, July 1867
Second version (Op.132): Soprano solo, SAAT, 2 Vl, Vla, Cello, Double Bass (or Org. or Melodium) (between 1867 and 1870). Herrn Dr. van Elewyck gewidmet. Mainz: B. Schott's Söhne, [1870], Plate 19995.
Third version (Op.162): Soprano solo, SATB, 2 Vl, Vla, Cello, Double Bass (or Org. or Harm.) (ca. 1872). Fräulein Marie Mahlknecht gewidmet. Leipzig: Robert Forberg, (ca. 1873), Plate 1400.
After all we have the 3rd version - perhaps the 2nd will be found one time. Feel free to ask me for all things you want to know about Lachner's sacred music :-)) Cheers --Ralph Theo Misch 21:23, 1 October 2010 (UTC)
If you've got an idea
Dear Eric, I'm not quite sur to have correctly understood your precedent note on my page... my english is not so far as your french but approximate. You're informed with my problems....may be have you got a technic or idea to remove quickly the problematic reference 'source gallica.... ' on the bottom of each page in my manuscripts uploads (please take a look on my message i put today on Carolus page) may you take a look also with Jean Gille's Requiem manuscript for exemple ...Many many thanks Squin 14:22, 2 October 2010 (UTC)
- See my talk page. I don't think the little 'source gallica' which appears at the bottom of these pages is a problem from a trademark or logo standpoint. At least for now, I see no need to remove all of them - only the separate pages making a type of quasi-copyright claim. Carolus 23:30, 2 October 2010 (UTC)
Le Chauve-Souris
It looks like Massenetique actually uploaded this on Sept. 29, so I deleted your upload as a duplicate. I included all of the useful information you provided about this adaptation on the file entry, so nothing was lost except the duplicate file. Carolus 23:27, 2 October 2010 (UTC)
Borgstrøm's JG Borkman
Where and when did you hear it? It would be interesting for me to know! Do you know if it was ever published? If it was I might be able to scan it soon, but if not it will take some time before I get to do any editing on that. Asj 20:39, 3 October 2010 (UTC)I've haven't had the time to listen to any recordings, that will have to wait untill next week, but I been able to get a pdf of a scan of the original orchestral manuscript (it was never published). I can't upload it yet however.... Since I'm relying on the trust of the library housing the manuscript I cannot take the risk of of uploading the risk without their permission (I do a lot of typesetting and editing of never-published norwegian music so I need their goodwill). But I will see what I can do... Asj 15:15, 7 October 2010 (UTC)This work, as part of his complete works, including sketches and so on, will be scanned within the next couple of months or so by the National Library of Norway (I'm now engaged to choose and make the manuscripts ready before digitalization for this institution as part of Norway's Musical Heritage Project). When it will be available on the net, I will post you here when it's available for download. Asj I'm not in charge of the printed music project, but I might have some influence, we'll see. I'll keep you posted. (BTW His second opera 'Der Fischer' has been recorded and will be released sometime this year... I'm writing the liner notes so I can assure you, this is better than Thora ;) ) AsjThe full score, composer's program and string parts are now all available in manuscript scan. Enjoy! Asj 08:24, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
Chrysander
Hi Eric. Thanks for your help with the templates. Could you use 'Friedrich Chrysander', as there's some doubt over his middle initial? (See: Wikipedia). Thanks — P.davydov 22:59, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
remerciement
After a discussion on Carolus page, i realised that the problem wasn't what i thougt, so it was a misunderstanding. Only one upload was wrong, where i hadforgotten to remove that page,the reference gallica on bottom of some others making no problem.I feel much light.However It gave me the opportunity to see you're a very friendly guy. Merci beaucoup. Squin 06:01, 4 October 2010 (UTC)
Talkback
I replied at my talkpage (from about 2 weeks ago). Mikemoral 04:58, 5 October 2010 (UTC)
Mozart
Thank you! — P.davydov 16:59, 5 October 2010 (UTC)
Dupérier
Hello Eric. Yes, that's sure he died in 76.. so, I've just mentionned his name in the Edition Mutuelle page. Don't worry, I'm very very serious. Do you have news about Koechlin ? I've read some words about your letters with his family for copyright.I'm a big big big fan... Squin 12:45, 8 October 2010 (UTC)
Serse
Sorry, I forgot to put the pipe after 'Ticcor' (i.e. {{LinkArr|Ticcor|}}), which fixes the template.
Smetana: Piano Trio, Op.15
Outstanding catch of Peter's reprint of the Pöhle. It looks like they added their own publication info and measure numbers, but the engraving definitely looks earlier than anything produced in Leipzig in the 1930s. Carolus 03:47, 12 October 2010 (UTC)
Luzzi's Ave Maria
Just a quick note to say that we have an 'ave maria' tag, so this should have that tag rather than 'hymn'. I've changed it already, so it's just if you come across another one. (Steltz)
Scores from LOC
Hi, just a hint how to get a better resolution: Right mouse click on Access bitonal (TIFF - ...) and save the tiff-file, then Next Page, save again, etc. Open the images with IrfanView and print/combine them with pdf creator for example and generate a pdf. I've replaced this . (Well, the old version still appears, I guess due to the page cache it may take 2,3 days.) Hobbypianist 18:44, 12 October 2010 (UTC)
Anjila428
If they blanked the Paine work-page and filled it with their spam - that's vandalism and gets them permanently blocked. There was nothing accidental about such behavior. Carolus 05:25, 15 October 2010 (UTC)
Spam
Next time you delete it, make sure to block the offending party. Thanks-- Snailey (_@/) 03:55, 17 October 2010 (UTC)
Re: Concone
Hi Eric, I'm afraid I have to disappoint you - Elevation and Offertory are the only pieces by that composer in the book. Harker's Collection is a kind of greatest hits arranged for Harmonium. So I was particularly pleased to find them there at all. Best wishes! --Ralph Theo Misch 22:05, 17 October 2010 (UTC)
- I've just found some internet-ressources via worldcat - even beyond his singing lessons etc. --Ralph Theo Misch 00:48, 18 October 2010 (UTC)
Re: Colomer
Ok Eric, I'll remember the page for deletion. Valses Intimes was already uploaded by Morel.Don't hesitate, next time, to use your french language, If you can. It's very pleasant for me to read those odd expressions (and I don't mock) Squin 14:07, 19 October 2010 (UTC)
Le Beau
I think they were bought out by Leduc sometime shortly after 1900. They were mainly an organ music publisher. I think the series that the MacMaster pieces were part of was started by them and continued by Leduc. Yet another obscure French publisher for whom info is pretty scarce. Carolus 20:59, 20 October 2010 (UTC)
Restore a link
Salut Eric, I was working on the editor Enoch today . I can't restore the link with Wieniawski Impromptu Op 34 page - May you look a this ?Squin 21:15, 20 October 2010 (UTC)Ah Ah Of-course-bien-sûr ! Squin 21:25, 20 October 2010 (UTC)